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The process that is most relevant to identifying the main reason behind multiple correlated events is known as root cause analysis. This analytical approach systematically investigates the underlying causes of issues or events, aiming to uncover the fundamental source rather than merely addressing the symptoms. By utilizing various techniques such as the "5 Whys," fishbone diagrams, and failure mode effects analysis, professionals can discern patterns and relationships among correlated events to effectively identify their root causes.

In the context of digital forensics, conducting a root cause analysis is crucial for understanding how and why certain incidents have occurred, which can aid in preventing future occurrences and enhancing overall security measures. This process relies on thorough data examination, inter-event relationships, and a detailed understanding of the environment, making it a key step in forensic investigations.